Topic: Explaining Psychological Disorders pages 455-460 Directions: Identify the main idea in your own words for each section. List key terms, people, details
What is abnormal? Unusual or rare. Any rare quality or characteristic including creative genius or world class athletic ability. Violation of social norms- the cultural rules that tell us how we should and shouldn’t behave. Behavior in Context: a practical approach Impaired Functioning- difficulty in fulfilling appropriate and expected roles in family, social, and work related situations. Depends on age, gender, culture, and the particular situation and historical era in which people live. Judgements about behavior are shaped by changes in social trends and cultural values Kisses, tears and long embraces are common when women greet It is difficult to define a specific set of behaviors that everyone, everywhere, will agree to. The Biopsychosocial Model Mental disorders are seen as cased by the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in particular people Biological Factors Treatment in early asylums, for the special people Neurobiological model- explains psychological disorders in terms of particular disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain and genetic influences. Investigate any physical illness, seeing problematic symptoms that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured. Psychological Processes Sociocultural Context Diathesis-Stress as an Integrative Explanation
Discuss the picture on 456: is this person abnormal? This person is not abnormal because he has too many tattoos and piercings. A normal person would have a small tattoo and just one piercing in the ear. Pictures on 457: what is abnormal about these pictures for you? This picture is abnormal because the man is walking around with no clothes. Normal people would not walk around with no shirt or pants on. Bedlam was a mental hospital in London. People observed mental patients then. How do we still observe abnormal people today? Thoughts on this?
Main Idea/Summary: Summarize the overall main idea, with key details, in complete sentences**
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CHAPTER 12 NOTES: MENTAL DISORDERS – Page 462 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association
1.5 million hospitalized; additional 4-5 million seek help
Depictions of mental disorders are often inaccurate
Statistically, mental patients are less violent than those in the “normal” population
What constitutes abnormal behavior?
Person suffers from discomfort more or less continuously. (Shows up as extreme anxiety, endless worry, or long periods of depression; feels something is wrong w/ his/her life more than the average person does)
Person is behaving in a bizarre fashion. (Misinterprets what is going on or what others are doing/saying; afraid to go to work or school; frequently comes completely apart over minor things or sinks into a depression about them)
Person is very inefficient and is therefore unable to perform their life roles properly.
Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior:
Inflexible in their responses to almost everything (Ex: Shy, withdrawn man goes to a party and a few people are nice to him; instead, he thinks they only “feel sorry” for him)
Constantly see a threatening environment (Ex: See danger, rejection, and failure around every corner)
Disorder
Subsets
Description
Comments/Connections/Questions (CCQ)
First diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence
-Hyperactivity
-Autism
Childhood fears, bed wetting, learning disorders
Cognitive Disorders
-Delirium
-Dementia
-Amnesiac
prombelmes created by deteriorization because of aging, disease, drugs
-Most serious mental disturbance; schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population; often arises in late adolescence or early adulthood; word salad (incoherence) and clang associations (rhymes); cycles of lucidity and psychosis; heredity does not seem to be the key factor (90% of patients do not have members in their immediate family who suffer from it); environment may contribute to the development for those who have a predisposition; linked to high levels of dopamine
-Disturbances of movement; does not speak or says little; appears to be in a stupor; may rigidly hold strange posture and may not move for hours
-Strong feelings of persecution or suspiciousness; delusions
-Lacks distinguishing symptoms
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS (expressed in bodily symptoms)
-Conversion Disorders
-Hypochondriasis
affects the daily activities of the patient. The patients do have a strong believe that they are sick and in turn might not be faking the illness.
Factitious Disorders
person acts as if he or she has an illness by deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS (disconnects or disassociates certain events/behaviors from one another; very rare)
-Amnesia
-Fugue
-Dissociative Identity Disorder
interruption of a person's fundamental aspects of waking consciousness
a response to trauma or abuse, treatment for individuals with such a disorder may stress psychotherapy
Sexual and Gender Disorders
a persistent feeling of discomfort or inappropriateness concerning one's anatomic sex. The disorder typically begins in childhood with gender identity problems and is manifested in adolescence or adulthood by a person dressing in clothing appropriate for the desired gender, as opposed to one's birth gender
Eating Disorders
Problems with eating too little or binge eating by vomiting
Sleep Disorders
Sleep wake cycle, inablilty to sleep well at night or stay awake during the day
Impulse Control Disorders
Gambling, stealing
Adjustment Disorders
Failure to adjust, deal with stress like divorce,
PERSONALITY DISORDERS (Personalities are “off-center”)
-Antisocial Personality (Psychopaths and Sociopaths)
-Borderline Personality
-Lack of conscience; often in conflict w/ the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety; sometimes have a family history of neglect and rough treatment
-Created in 1980; characterized by intense and unstable relationships w/ others; very dependent; self-destructive behavior to manipulate others; suspicious and therefore difficult to treat
Connections/Predictions/Thoughts:
pages 455-460
Directions: Identify the main idea in your own words for each section. List key terms, people, details
Unusual or rare. Any rare quality or characteristic including creative genius or world class athletic ability.
Violation of social norms- the cultural rules that tell us how we should and shouldn’t behave.
Behavior in Context: a practical approach
Impaired Functioning- difficulty in fulfilling appropriate and expected roles in family, social, and work related situations.
Depends on age, gender, culture, and the particular situation and historical era in which people live.
Judgements about behavior are shaped by changes in social trends and cultural values
Kisses, tears and long embraces are common when women greet
It is difficult to define a specific set of behaviors that everyone, everywhere, will agree to.
The Biopsychosocial Model
Mental disorders are seen as cased by the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in particular people
Biological Factors
Treatment in early asylums, for the special people
Neurobiological model- explains psychological disorders in terms of particular disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain and genetic influences.
Investigate any physical illness, seeing problematic symptoms that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured.
Psychological Processes
Sociocultural Context
Diathesis-Stress as an Integrative Explanation
This person is not abnormal because he has
too many tattoos and piercings. A normal person would have a small tattoo and just one piercing in the ear.
Pictures on 457: what is abnormal about these pictures for you?
This picture is abnormal because the man is walking around with no clothes. Normal people would not walk around with no shirt or pants on.
Bedlam was a mental hospital in London. People observed mental patients then. How do we still observe abnormal people today? Thoughts on this?
CHAPTER 12 NOTES: MENTAL DISORDERS – Page 462
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association
What constitutes abnormal behavior?
Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior:
-Autism
-Dementia
-Amnesiac
-Chemical abuse
????????????????
HOTIC DISORDERS
(Thought disorder, hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate emotional responses)
-Catatonic Schizophrenia
-Paranoid Schizophrenia
-Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
-Disturbances of movement; does not speak or says little; appears to be in a stupor; may rigidly hold strange posture and may not move for hours
-Strong feelings of persecution or suspiciousness; delusions
-Lacks distinguishing symptoms
(deal with one’s emotional state)
-Major Depression
-Mania
-Bipolar Disorders (Manic Depression or Manic Depressive Psychosis)
(most common)
-Phobic Disorders
-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(expressed in bodily symptoms)
-Hypochondriasis
(disconnects or disassociates certain events/behaviors from one another; very rare)
-Fugue
-Dissociative Identity Disorder
a response to trauma or abuse, treatment for individuals with such a disorder may stress psychotherapy
-Borderline Personality
-Created in 1980; characterized by intense and unstable relationships w/ others; very dependent; self-destructive behavior to manipulate others; suspicious and therefore difficult to treat